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The Giant Hummingbird (Patagona gigas) is the largest known hummingbird species and belongs to the Trochilidae family. At approximately 21 to 24 cm long and weighing 18 to 24 grams, it is the size of a starling, yet considerably lighter.
Its long, narrow wings allow for a slow wingbeat of about 15 beats per second, which is unusual for hummingbirds.
Distribution and Habitat
The Giant Hummingbird is widespread in the Andes of South America, from southwest Colombia through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to central Chile and Argentina. It inhabits elevations between 2,000 and 4,300 meters and prefers dry, bushy slopes and open forests.
Diet and Behavior
Like other hummingbirds, the Patagona gigas feeds primarily on nectar, but shows a preference for certain plants, such as the Puya family. It plays an important role as a pollinator in its ecosystem. In addition, it occasionally consumes insects to meet its protein needs.
Reproduction
The Giant Hummingbird's nests are often built on cacti or shrubs and are made of soft materials such as plant fibers and cobwebs. The clutch typically contains two eggs. Brood care is the sole responsibility of the female.
Taxonomy and Systematics
Originally, Patagona gigas was considered the only species in the genus Patagona. However, recent genetic studies have shown that there are two species: the Southern Giant Hummingbird (Patagona gigas) and the Northern Giant Hummingbird (Patagona peruviana), which diverged from each other approximately 2.1 to 3.4 million years ago.
Cultural Significance
The Giant Hummingbird also has cultural significance: a famous geoglyph in the shape of a hummingbird, believed to depict this species, can be found in the Nazca Desert in Peru. In Chile's Mapuche culture, the bird is associated with fertility and protection.
Protection Status
Despite its unique lifestyle, the Giant Hummingbird is currently classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN. However, habitat loss and climate change could have long-term impacts on its populations.